AWS Analysis Essay

I am providing you with an analysis and recommendations for the AWS unit of Amazon.com which will benefit your unit. The information present on which of Porter’s four competitive strategies your unit should follow, gives a list of information systems for Sales/Marketing and Customer Service chains. I will also tell you how â€Å"the cloud† can be utilized and why your unit should use a server farm for providing services. It is essential to focus on industry-wide and differentiation of the Porter’s Four Competitive Strategies. That strategy will advise you to offer better products and services across the industry. The reason why I picked this section of Porter’s Four Competitive Strategies is that Amazon.com in 2010 on average sold 158 items per second in 178 countries. You are a unit which is a part of a global industry, we have to make sure that your services are better than competitors and are known worldwide. This focus will impact the unit’s business processes and information systems in those fields: †¢Importance of volume to supplier †¢Relative price performance of substitutes †¢Supplier concentration †¢Brand identity †¢Buyers incentives Those are important sections in your unit that you have to change or focus to be successful worldwide. I recommend that sales and marketing chain use Purchasing information system. The Purchasing system will help employees to determine customers’ needs and wants based on their shopping. In this process a system will identify the type of products that customer is searching or purchasing and create a special section of recommendation with the deals that will fit customer’s interest. This type system will collect data with customers’ interest which  will help in their product selection and suppliers advertisement. This system will lock in customers and buyers. In customer service chain I recommend Product information system. The Product information system will allow employees to evaluate customers’ satisfaction with our web services. It will be a system that collect customers’ notes about satisfaction with services and products they wish to see on our website. The system will automatically send those to suppliers which will help them in their product selection. It will help to lock in suppliers and create new products and services. A server farm is a collection of computer servers. It is mainly used for web hosting. The server farm contributes to high financial and environmental costs. It will be good to use by AWS unit because their services allow customers to use their servers for their personal use of software. Which require a lot of space to store all of that data. The cloud service is providing easy on demand access to applications, resources and services through internet. The cloud is in advantage for customers because they can access it from any source for so long there is an internet connection. It saves the customer’s space on his personal computer and they are run by fast and stable servers. The AWS unit leases their computer resources on flexible terms for customer’s needs. If you will combine the Porter’s strategies with information system recommendations your unit will increase it sales of services. These are essential information that you should focus on.

Employer-Employee Relations in Northrop Grumman Essay

Employer and employee relations have many different ways in which organizations understand laws and guidelines set forth by governing bodies in the respective area and within the entire nation (Bennett-Alexander, & Hartman, 2007). This paper analyzes the differences in regular employees vs. temporary employees and independent contractors. It will also discuss the differences between exempt and non-exempt employees. Finally, it will look at the laws in Colorado and how Northrop Grumman responds to those laws. â€Å"Regular† Employees vs. Temporaries or Independent Contractors The Board of Directors and human resources department at Northrop Grumman strongly believes in and upholds the various employment laws that have been established and enforced by the EEOC. Northrop Grumman’s human resource department has provided an employee manual to each worker, which contains an enclosed at-will clause. Furthermore, Northrop Grumman has an extended workweek compensation policy for all salaried staff members. According to the company’s employee handbook, salaried employees who are scheduled to  work 40 hours or more per week are required to receive an extended amount of compensation for their time. In addition, all regular employees are only entitled to receive straight pay regardless if any overtime has been worked throughout the workweek. The only time an exception is made regarding salaried employees is if they work during a holiday or on a Saturday or Sunday. However, for an employee to be able to receive holiday pay, that individual must be on the active payroll and not on leave of absence (Northrop Grumman, 2006). Northrop Grumman also offers a variety of different to help its employees continue their education, which includes tuition reimbursement and graduate study programs and are offered to all employees (Northrop Grumman, 2006). Overall, all regular employees at Northrop Grumman are compensated with various perks, such as a flexible benefits packages that’s tailored to fit their individual and family needs; in addition, vacation, bereavement, holiday and leave of absence pay. In terms of temporary or independent contractors, they are treated entirely different from regular employees due-to being leased workers. These types of employees are not granted such things as company benefits packages, incentives and saving plans. Lastly, these workers must adhere to company training, applicable laws, regulations, policies and procedures that govern the occupational safety and health practices (OSHA). Exempt vs. Non-Exempt Employees An exempt employee varies from a non-exempt employee in many ways. _Exempt Employees_ The first type of employee is an exempt employee. An exempt employee is an employee who is paid on salary and does not get a reduced paycheck because they do not work a certain number of hours or do a certain amount of work. An exempt employee is given a base salary, which is the annual salary, which excludes shift, overtime and other differentials or bonuses. Another fact about exempt employee is that they are not subject to minimum wage and overtime requirements as set forth by the Fair Labor Standards Act. An exempt employee may be required to work more than a 40 hour work week without any compensation. An exempt employee can work an extended workweek (EWW). This means that they can, in extraordinary circumstances, work extra hours during a workweek and get paid additional compensation. At Northrop Grumman, the exempt employee must work at least six hours over the employee’s standard workweek to be considered working an extended workweek. The extended workweek cannot last more than three months for each project or approval by recommending manager, approving manager, contracts director and HR director. When an EWW is in effect, the employee’s straight time rate will be paid for each hour worked. The straight time rate is figured by dividing the employee’s weekly salary by the number of hours they are regularly scheduled (Northrop Grumman, 2006). An example of how an exempt employee is paid is: if an employee is 50% exempt and has a standard word schedule of 24 hours per timesheet and the employee works 32 hours on a timesheet, the employee is eligible to receive 2 hours of EWW pay. There are some guidelines the can be subject to were the employers does not need pay the employee for any workweek in which he or she performs no work. Here are some examples of the examples of guidelines for exempt employees at Northrop Grumman: Absences An employee will not be considered to be on a salary basis if deductions from his predetermined compensation are made for absences occasioned by the employer or by the operating requirements of the business. Accordingly, if the employee is ready, willing, and able to work, deductions may not be made for time when work is not available. Sick leave Deductions may also be made for absences of a day or more occasioned by  sickness or disability (including industrial accidents) if the deduction is made in accordance with a bona fide plan, policy or practice of providing compensation for loss of salary occasioned by both sickness and disability. Jury duty Deductions may not be made for absences of an employee caused by jury duty, attendance as a witness, or temporary military leave. The employer may be offset by any amount received by an employee as jury or witness fees or military pay for a particular week against the salary due for that particular week without loss of the exemption (Health, 2008, para, 4). _Non-Exempt Employees_ Another type of employee is the non-exempt employee. One on the more known reasons is that the non-exempt employee is paid hourly. Non-exempt employees are only paid for hours they have worked. While an exempt employee is paid on salary and gets paid the same amount every week, no matter how many hours they work. This means if they work over 40 hours a week they will be paid overtime. This could be a benefit for non-exempt employees because they are compensated for the extra hours they put in. There are no exceptions to the stated laws of the FLAS concerning a non-exempt employee; therefore, Northrop Grumman must follow all rules and regulations in regard to paying minimum wage and overtime to these workers. The FLSA demands that every business pay non-exempt employees one and half times his or her regular pay for all hours worked over 40 in one week. At Northrop Grumman, a non-exempt employee will be given plenty of notice at or before lunchtime the day overtime is required, if this amount of time is not given in advance they will consider the overtime worked voluntary. The non-exempt employee will be expected to work the overtime; unless it has been determined that requirement places a hardship on the employee. Non-exempt employees are compensated with holiday pay, which is considered straight time pay based on normal work hours. If the employee works on the holiday that individual will be paid double his or her regular pay for hours  worked, then the worker is still entitled to receive his or her holiday pay. Northrop Grumman also gives a year-end holiday pay to all workers. The employees get paid for an extra 40 hours, unless those individuals normally work less hours; if so, they will be paid for the hours they originally work during a week (Northrop Grumman, 2006). Northrop Grumman Relating to State Laws In the majority of states, employees that do not work under an employment contract are deemed to be â€Å"at will.† Colorado is a state that follows that statue as well. At-will employees may be terminated for any reason, so long as the terms are not illegal. Northrop Grumman is a corporation that hires all employees at will. According to Termination of Employment Policy ITP H7 (2007), all employment at Northrop Grumman Information Technology business department is at-the-will of the company therefore, termination may be determined by the management and in accordance with company policy and procedure. Colorado has two exceptions to the at-will rule based upon the legal principles of â€Å"public policy† and â€Å"implied contract.† First, the public policy exception simply means that an employee cannot be fired for performing a legal duty or exercising a legal right. Second, a binding employment relationship may be found to have been created by an implied or an express contract. The contract theory usually arises in situations in which procedures outlined in personnel handbooks are construed as a contract between the employer and employee (Employment Law, 2008). Northrop Grumman has an employee handbook that clearly outlines the guidelines behind employment-at-will and how the company has a right to use this doctrine. Although the information is expressed in the handbook, it is not mentioned during the hiring or new hire orientation processes. The company included the information in the handbook, which by law is all they are required to do. In conclusion, regardless of the type of relationship that an employee has with Northrop Grumman, all are treated in a fair and legal way. Northrop Grumman ensures this by adhering to all laws, guidelines, and regulations  that are designed to protect the American worker. That protection is extended to all types of workers, not just regular employees. Contractors, non-exempt, and exempt employees are all treated the same. However, not all companies can truthfully say this! Fortunately, there are state and federal laws to ensure that everyone that works at Northrop Grumman is treated fairly. References Bennett-Alexander, D.D. & Hartman, L.P. (2004). Employment Law for Business _(4th ed)_: McGraw Hill/Irwin, New York, NY. Discrimination Complaint Procedures. (1999). Retrieved March 16, 2008 from http://www.lacity.org/per/EEO/DISCRIM.htm. Employment Law in Colorado. (2008). Retrieved March 21, 2008 from http://research.lawyers.com/Colorado/Employment-Law-in-Colorado.html. Health, S. (2008). Exempt Employees. Human Resources: _About.com._ Retrieved March 21, 2008 from http://humanresources.about.com/od/glossarye/g/exempt.htm. Northrop Grumman. (2006). Human Resources Regulatory Employment Practices: Retrieved March 21, 2008 from http://www.es.northropgrumman.com/ourvalues/training/assets/HRReg.pdf. Northrop Grumman. (2007). Employee Termination Policy ITP H7. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2004). Retrieved March 16, 2008 from http://www.eeoc.gov. U.S. Courts. (2004). The Federal Judiciary. Retrieved March 16, 2008 from http://www.uscourts.gov.

Reform in government Essay

When it comes to making reform in government, politicians are programmed to act in one distinct manner. They want to prop up spending on government programs. The idea and prevailing thought on this is that if you throw enough money at something, it is bound to improve. This type of thinking is what causes politicians to add lots of new programs to the docket when in reality, they have not yet taken the time to evaluate the success of progress of their already implemented programs. There are many reasons why this type of thing might happen, but one of the most important is because, simply put, there is not enough time to sit back and evaluate new programs. The thought, at least in the minds of politicians, is that these programs take a few years to really have an impact. This means that the positive or negative things associated with a new program will not be seen for many months, so politicians do not think that they can correctly evaluate it (USGovernmentspending. com). The solution for this problem would be to evaluate programs starting further back before commiting to spend more money on new government programs, but this is not the way that politicians are programmed. They are programmed in a way that rewards public spending and new reform. This is one thing that politicians can point to when they run for re-election, so that people will see that they are doing something in Washington. Even if a program is not successful in affecting change in society, politicians are able to say that they were doing something in order to fix the problem, even if that something was counterproductive in nature.

Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Food - Essay Example Manchego cheese on the other hand is also derived from Spain, specifically the La Mancha region (Manchego Cheese 1). This cheese is produced by combined sheep’s milk and bread and allowing it to cure for a period of time. The final component of this particular dish is that of the croquettes. The observer quickly notes that this word is spelled in the French form. There exists a nearly identical offering in traditional Spanish cuisine; however, it is usually referred to as croquetas. In this way, the observer notes that a particular French influence over this particular dish is noted. As it is impossible to distinctly know what may be French about the way that the dish is prepared until it is sampled, this analysis will await a determination based upon that time. This particular dish is unique in that it is one of the few â€Å"fusion† dishes that exist on the menu. As such, the origin of the ingredients that make up this particular dish are not entirely and/or uniquely Spanish. Furthermore, until the dish is sampled it will be difficult to say with certainty whether the specific origin of the components of the dish. It is also interesting to note that â€Å"croquettes† are a dish that is enjoyed by over 18 different countries and a variety of different ethnicities. As it is such a common and widespread dish, it makes a great deal more sense as to why the dish could borrow the French version without necessarily losing the meaning or adulterating the level of the ethnic food offered. In this way, although it is a uniquely ethnic dish, it has the flair of universality that gives it a particular appeal even to those that may not have a great deal of experience ordering from a ethnically Spanish menu. Lastly, the dish appears to be a very simple yet tasty dish. The ingredients involved in its preparation include ham, cheese, and mashed potatoes rolled in a batter and

Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case analysis - Essay Example The NFL proposed a squad player salary of $ 1,000 per week. The union, however, insisted that the club owners give squad players benefits and protections similar to those provided regular players. After negotiations on the issue of developmental squad salaries reached an impasse, the NFL unilaterally implemented the developmental squad program by distributing to the clubs a uniform contract that embodied the terms of the program and the $ 1,000 proposed weekly salary. In 1990, 235 squad players brought suit in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia against the NFL and its member clubs, in which suit it was claimed that the employers' agreement to pay the squad players a $ 1,000 weekly salary violated the Sherman Act (15 USCS 1 et seq.). The District Court dismissed the petitioner's complaint. Thus, the case was brought to the Court of Appeals, which upheld the decision of the lower court. Petitioner then elevated the case to the Supreme Court on a writ of certiorari. A. The Supreme Court on certiorari said that the nonstatutory labor exemption shields from federal antitrust attack an agreement among several employers bargaining together to implement, after a collective bargaining impasse, the terms of the employers' last best good-faith wage offer. C. B. With respect to the application of the nonstatutory labor exemption to multiemployer collective bargaining, there was no basis for distinguishing football players from other organized workers. C. Stevens, J., expressed the view that neither the policies underlying the labor and antitrust statutory schemes, nor the purpose of the nonstatutory exemption, provided a justification for exempting from antitrust scrutiny collective action initiated by employers to depress wages below the level that would be produced in a free market. REACTION TO THE CASE The antitrust exemption applies to the employer conduct at issue here, which took place during and immediately after a collective-bargaining negotiation; grew out of, and was a directly related to, the lawful operation of the bargaining process; involved a matter that the parties were required to negotiate collectively; and concerned only the parties to the collective-bargaining relationship. The Court's holding is not intended to insulate from antitrust review every joint imposition of terms by employers, for an employer agreement could be sufficiently distant in time and in circumstances from the bargaining process that a rule permitting antitrust intervention would not significantly interfere with that process. The Court need not decide in this case

The Marketing Strategies and Competitive Advantage Assignment

The Marketing Strategies and Competitive Advantage - Assignment Example The inter-brand differentials while volume-based sales (10 pounds of Product each week) are given 10% of retail price while below it have 7% share making the intra brand competitions more acute.   The marketing strategies are formulated by a business to achieve its business objectives in a specific market. Thackeray et al. (2008) suggest that the marketing strategies are designed to increase sales, and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage for itself. The marketing strategies of Candy Flake and its extension of Chocofill are existent in the north east markets of US with a growing potential in southern Canadian markets. Therefore the marketing strategies for the business are developed in accordance with these markets where the business also keeps the scope of e-commerce sales in the international market open. Talke & Hultink (2010) suggests that the tasks and achievements of a strategy are based out of measured outcomes over a multiyear period with specific actions and tactical plans. The brands mission and vision statements are kept in mind while designing the plan. The objective of the business is to operate and fulfil the visions that have been set forth for itself. Further, Hallback & Gabrielsson (2013) argues that the marketing strategies are based on market dominance plans of the brand, where each phase of business includes different elements in its strategy formulation. The product of Candy Flake is been launched in the market and is in a primary phase of its business life cycle. Therefore the launching strategies would include the branding, pricing and distribution plans. The brand is the name of a product offered which implies a certain values and offerings to the market (Mishra, 2012). The mission of Candy Flake suggests the business wants to project as the major stakeholder in the US and Canada market and reap the benefits from the candy industry for next 5 years. The launching of the product have the objectives of creating an identity for itself.

Power and Persuation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Power and Persuation - Essay Example The employees can improve their living standards since their income is increased. Reward power increases the competitive nature of the organization and hence is a tool towards fighting competition. Reward power increases the chances of expansion in an organization and hence can lay the foundation to internationalization. Reward power also has negative effects to both the employer and the employees. Some employees use reward power to take advantage of the productivity of employees. The rewards sometimes given do not match the required output. The employees may also reduce the quality of work since they mind about the amount of output rather than the quality. This may destroy the image of an organization and in uttermost cases may lead to collapse of the business Raven, 1964). Coercion is related to reward power in that it leads to increased output. However, in coercion the employer instills fear in the employees such that their productivity is due to the fear they have for the management. Instilling fear in employees has both negative and positive effects. It benefits the parties involved in different ways. The employer benefits since the work output is increased and hence they can operate more profitably. The fact that the employees are made to fear their employer creates forced respect between them. Respect between the employer and the employees ensure that duties are carried put as per the set rules and targets. Coercion reduces the chances of many common mistakes done because of arrogance and hence an organization reduces the risk of losses. However, coercion can also lead to exploitation of the employees. An employee is impelled to work beyond the required standard in terms of time and productivity. The employees cannot complain about their rights since they fear being fired. This leads to poor working conditions, which may even lead to sickness in industries involving

Introduction to Finance - coursework Research Paper

Introduction to Finance - coursework - Research Paper Example ary if the interest rate in the market goes down to 5 % the investor will try more n more to get a hold on organization's bond since your bond is paying higher interest rates than that prevailing in the market. Therefore the bond prices will go up. Bondprices = (60000 / 2 ) x {1 - (1+ .05 / 2 )-2x15 } / ( .05 / 2) + 1,000,000 / ( 1 + .05 / 2 )2 x 15 = 1104651.463 > 1000,000 (par value) if the bond's prices for a company are going higher It will add value to the name of the company and the stock prices will also go up for such a company f) The Expected rate of reurn = dividend yield + capital gain (Bearly & Myers, 2001) Dividend yield = next dividend payment / current price of the stock = Do x (1 + g) / price of the stock Here, Do = last dividend payment = 3.21 g = 7% price of stock = 75.529 Dividend yield = Do x (1 + g) / price of the stock = 3.21 x (1+ .07) / 75.529 = .04547 Capital gain yield = (P1 - Po) / Po = (73 - 75.529 ) / 75.529 = -0.0334 rate of reurn = 0.04547 - 0.0334 = 0.1199 = 11.99% f) the current valuue of stock: Po = Do (1+g)/(Ks-g) Po = 3.21(1+.07)/(0.1199-.07) Po = 68.83. Recommendations Currently the bonds of the company are being traded at $874,420. this price is very much below the par value of the stock . the bond has a coupon rate of 6% attached to it while the current interest rate prevailing in the market is 7.4152%. the company is offering an interest that is below the prevailing interest rate and hence the investors find a low interest in company's bond which is resulting in the decline of price. "If overall interest rates in the market later fall, prices of existing, higher interest-rate bonds generally will rise. That's because the existing bonds are more attractive to buyers than new, lower interest-rate...Therefore the bond prices will go up. Currently the bonds of the company are being traded at $874,420. this price is very much below the par value of the stock . the bond has a coupon rate of 6% attached to it while the current interest rate prevailing in the market is 7.4152%. the company is offering an interest that is below the prevailing interest rate and hence the investors find a low interest in company's bond which is resulting in the decline of price. "If overall interest rates in the market later fall, prices of existing, higher interest-rate bonds generally will rise. That's because the existing bonds are more attractive to buyers than new, lower interest-rate bonds and, as a result, are typically offered at higher prices (seligman, 2007)". This debt through bonds make the firm risky since it is covering 50% of the total rrquirement by APEX. APEX requires a total financing of $2,000,000 and the bond are issued for $1,000,000. Covering half of your financing requirement through debt exposes the organization to greater risk and reduces the credibility of investors towards organization. Mr. Thinkard should wait for time when the interest rates in the market falls below the coupon rate on bonds. this will cause increase in bond price and Mr.

(option 2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(option 2) - Essay Example All the wars and tragedies that occurred in this century were as a result of one thing, indifference. Indifference refers to a state where a person cannot distinguish between cruelty and companion, dusk and dawn, crime and punishment, good and evil, light and darkness. Indifference is an ethical act that is mostly practiced by people who want to live normally, have fine meals, and keep their sanity, while the world around them perish in suffering. Indifference as a vice has made many people to overlook other people’s despairs and pains. In this situation, most people are only interested in striving for their own safety and success, and this makes them to avoid rude interruptions to their dreams, hopes and work. This means that, people who are indifference consider their neighbors’ despairs and pains as of no consequence to their lives. Their indifferences reduce their neighbors to abstractions. For instance, most people who have never been into the prisons are totally unaware of what happens behind the black gates. The prisoners usually perish in suffering, surviving on unhealthy food and wrapped in torn clothes. Most of them have lost their sense of self worthiness, and they are even unaware of where they are: strangers to their environment. Indifference is also an associate of enmity. This is because it usually only benefits the aggressors, but not the victims whose sufferings and pains intensifies as they fee l forgotten and abandoned. The aggressors always do not respond to the plights of hungry children, homeless refugees, and political prisoners in their cells. This makes the victims to lose hope in fighting for a brighter future by regaining their human memory. As we are moving into a new millennium, it is important for people who are still indifference to learn from the Nineteenth Century’s events that, this act is not only a sin, but it is also a punishment. With indifference, it

Models Comparison of Learning Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Models Comparison of Learning Theories - Essay Example On the other hand, the humanism theories perceive learning to be a process that is initiated by an individual in an attempt to fulfill their potential. This paper draws a comparison between the hierarchy of needs theory by Abraham Maslow, social learning theory by Albert Bandura and the attribution theory by Bernard Weiner. The three learning theories are based on certain assumptions. According to Bandura’s social learning theory, a change in behavior is the indicator of learning. It is grounded on the assumption that learning is largely influenced by the environment; this indicates that people learn through observing others. In addition, this theory agrees with the cognitive learning theory by emphasizing that the mental state of an individual is an integral part of the learning process. On the other hand, the attribution theory as developed by Weiner assumes that people have the tendency of determining causes of certain situations or behaviors. It deals with the cognitive processes and their influence on learning. It also observes that learning involves an integration of old knowledge and the new one. The attribution theory is founded on the view that people endeavor to attribute causes to behaviors. Finally, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory assumes that people desire to satisfy their needs in a systematic and hierarchical manner, such that when one need is satisfied when a person desires to satisfy a higher need in the hierarchy. Maslow came up with a pyramid made up of five levels of needs to be met hierarchically. According to Abraham Maslow (1943), the people’s needs fall into five categories. These needs are met consecutively, with one need being satisfied after the other. The physiological needs are the first to be satisfied followed by safety needs, love/belonging needs, esteem needs, and finally, self-actualization needs. According to Maslow, what people need is a positive self-regard in order to achieve in their engagements.

Obstacles Teachers May Face Essay Example for Free

Obstacles Teachers May Face Essay The process of how an individual learns is based on the theories surrounding behaviorism, conditioning, modeling and self regulation. Students can be problematic if proper resolutions aren’t put in place when a dilemma arises. There is a great emphasis on the importance and relevance in motivating the students in the classroom. Without the knowledge of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation and what drives students to learn, teachers may not know what inspires or how to encourage students to work to the best of their ability. Teachers must portray themselves in a professional manner at all times, whether they are dealing with students, parents or colleagues. Professionalism can be defined in several ways and some characteristics of a professional teacher include being committed to learners in a way that incorporates a code of ethics, have the ability to make routine and efficient decisions in a complex and ill-defined situation, conduct a critical self examination of one’s teachings, i. . reflective practice, and acquire the element of professional knowledge to constantly improve, develop and expand one’s methods of teaching to maximize learning environments (Eggan, P. Kauchak, D. 2010. pp, 4 – 6). One obstacle a teacher may face is if he or she gets asked a question that they don’t know the answer to. Students look up to teachers and depend on them for the knowledge they require (Yero, J. L. , 2002. P173). Understanding each topic is simply not enough; a teacher needs to be able to represent topics in an understandable way that is appropriate to the age of the learner. For example, the solution to explaining how to multiply numbers is to firstly acquire the knowledge of content then illustrate how to multiply the numbers. This is referred to as pedagogical knowledge. Pedagogical knowledge requires the teacher to understand principles of instructional strategies and classroom management. Involving each student in the learning process in order to enhance productive learning comes with knowledge and experience. Instructional strategies that promote productive learning include: selecting topics that are important for students to learn, provide clear learning objectives and prepare learning activities respectively, design assessments that relate to the workload and maintain the instructional alignment between the three, i. e. the connection between learning objectives, learning activities and assessments (Eggan, P. Kauchak, D. 2010. pp390 – 394). A teacher must have a positive and caring attitude, be organized, communicate effectively, respect and encourage rather than punish and constantly question and prompt incorrect answers to manage a productive classroom (Nelson, J. , Lott, L. Glen, S. p20-27). Identifying clear standards of acceptable behavior i. e. rules, be supportive to each student and create a sense of equilibrium are all strategies to ensure a produc tive and manageable classroom. The aim of all teachers is to promote as much learning as possible. Behaviorism focuses on the idea that learning is â€Å"influenced by stimuli from the environment† (Eggan, P. Kauchak, D. 2010. p,164). For example, feeling nervous before an exam is a learned behavior due to previous experiences/knowledge of exams. This feeling is involuntary to the individual, and it is referred to as classical conditioning. Classical conditioning can be positive or negative, depending on which, it can have different effects on the learner. If the teacher uses positive reinforcement within the classroom the students will gradually associate learning to the teacher’s manner and thus feel safe within the classroom resulting in a productive learning environment. In contrast negative or non-reinforcement results in the cessation of a behavior and results in a classroom environment that is not productive. Children learn acceptable behaviors through observing adults, therefore teachers are role models, and it is important for a teacher to demonstrate respect, tolerance, and values to motivate learning (Call, N. Featherstone, S. 2004 p. 47). Cognitive modeling is essential to the learning process as teachers use this to perform a demonstration and verbalize the thinking behind the actions taken (Eggan, P. Kauchak. D. , 2010. p. 182). An obstacle one may face is if some children are having trouble learning how to pass a netball to one another. Often, children instinctively bounce the ball, instead of passing it, as clas sical conditioning has taught them to do so from a young age. The teacher must describe one’s thoughts of how to pass a netball, whilst performing the action, which in turn encourages students to verbalize their understandings in any situation, resulting in a productive learning environment. Modeling is the key concept of social cognitive theory. Cognitive, behavioral and emotional change in children is a result of observing models. Modeling affects people by learning new behaviors, facilitating existing behaviors, changing inhibitions and by arousing emotions (Eggan, P. Kauchak, D. 2010. p. 183). These observations lead to learner expectations, which in turn are accomplished through self-regulation. Settings goals and monitoring that progress is an essential element of learning. The student observes another student passing the netball. He then models the observation, uses that experience to expand his knowledge thus takes responsibility and control of his learning. Teaching is constantly developing and changing, and the need for motivation is a necessary procedure to support and increase student learning and the teaching process. A common obstacle teacher’s face is how to motivate uninterested and unengaged students. Some students seem naturally enthusiastic about learning, but many need or expect their instructors to inspire, challenge and stimulate them. An unmotivated student is likely to choose work that is inappropriately easy, show a negative attitude, give up quickly and leave tasks unfinished. This can disrupt the students around him and cause interruptions in the learning environment (Nelson, J. Lott L. , Glenn, S. 1997 p. 72). There are two broad forms of motivation; extrinsic – where some students will be motivated by the approval of others, for example, by getting a good grade, and intrinsic motivation, where the learner studies in order to understand the content presented to them because they like the challenge and want to perform (Eggen, P. Kauchak, D. 2010. p. 287). To encourage students to become self motivated and independent learners, teachers can give frequent, early, positive feedback. This supports the students beliefs’ that they can, and are doing well as viewed by the humanistic theory of motivation. The teacher can also help students find personal meaning and value in the material as viewed by cognitive and social cognitive theory of motivation, and create an atmosphere that is open and positive which help students feel that they are a valued member of the learning community which is based on the socioculural theory of motivation. In addition, a teacher can ensure opportunities for students’ success by assigning tasks that are neither too easy nor too difficult which is a view shared by behaviorist theories (Eggen, P. Kauchak, D. 2010. p. 289). It must be understood that individuals are motivated through a wide variety of needs. While teachers can’t make or teach students to be self-motivated, they can encourage and promote this highly desirable trait. To conclude, there are many solutions to the obstacles a teacher may face in a learning environment. A teacher should act and approach a classroom with a professional attitude and an academic manner by being knowledgeable and recognizing the importance for assessing oneself. Teachers must be aware of the influence they make on students’ learning and how to promote positive and engaging classroom environments in order to solve the dilemmas they may be presented with in regards to behaviors students display. Furthermore, teachers need to understand that the process of motivation stems from stimulation, which in turn is followed by an emotional reaction that leads to either a positive or negative behavioral response. By understanding the theories based on solutions to the problems a teacher may face in the classroom, they may have a better chance at expecting when a problem may arise, and resolve the situation immediately.

TV and Radio Essay Example for Free

TV and Radio Essay There are many mediums for information, entertainment and communication purposes. Such as internet, TV, radio, newspapers, magazines and others. In this individual talk I’m going to discuss two of them. That is- TV and Radio. First I’m going to start with TV. The TV is one invention, like the car, computer and wheel which has changed mankind and the way that we do virtually everything. The TV was invented in the early part of the twentieth century and was only available in black and white. And in nowadays almost every household owns at least one TV set. Flat screen television is occupying many of the homes and digital TV is not a miracle anymore as well. Viewers can just sit there, flick through channels and choose anything they like- documentaries, soap operas, talk shows, sports, sitcoms, various foreign language programs and many more. With technology becoming more and more advanced TV watchers after paying a little extra can have such options as recording favourite shows, sports games, films etc. f they don’t have time to watch it while they are broadcasted. With the press on remote controller people can create their own watch list, participate in various live contests, donate money, order food, buy certain items that they see on the infomercials, they can even forward the commercials or skip them at all while watching an interesting movie. Consumer is given a greater power of control, but does it make him or her happier? I really doubt it. I have a friend who once said that the main evening question in their family is TV3 or LNK? Instead of talking in candle lights she and her husband are arguing over which politician is right and which is wrong, which TV celebrity is entertaining, and which is not. Instead of visiting places they are becoming more and more of the couch potatoes and not because they really want to but because it is an easier option. I personally don’t own a TV and the only time I miss it is when the football is on Which as a consequence just means an extra pleasant visit to see my friends. Another very popular media is radio. The creation of radio started in the mid 1800s with the theoretical discussions of electricity and magnetism being related to each other. Scientists who contributed to the development of radio were James Maxwell, William Henry Ward, Mahlon Loomis, Thomas Edison and Marconi. The 1920s truly were the birth years of modern radio, the mass development of radios made it possible for almost every home to own a radio. In our days many devices are created to catch radio waves such as mobile phones, mp3 players, CD players and others. It is possible to listen to the radio online, however, most of the people are listening to the radio while driving or at their work places. As far as the programs are concerned many of them are very similar to what TV is showing, except that with radio you can’t see anything so you have to use your imagination. News, various live talk shows and quizzes, interviews, games, voting contests are very popular on radio channels. It is possible that radio is more based on a dialogue and television on a monologue. All in all, I think that both mediums are fascinating and equally important to technological, cultural, economical and social development. However, I prefer to listen to the radio than watch TV. Except for the news program, radio channels usually concentrates on positive shows, positive messages, one can hear a lot of laughing during those shows. And of course singing in high squeaky voice while travelling to work does put me in a better mood. What is more radio is eye friendly and less time consuming.

Welfare Provision Of Community Care And Health Social Work Essay

Welfare Provision Of Community Care And Health Social Work Essay The Welfare state in Britain as we know it was formed in the twentieth century but its origins can be traced back to mediaeval times; welfare was delivered collectively, free of the state many local churches ran hospitals; however the word hospitals should not be understood in todays terms. In mediaeval times these places were communities. Were the sick, frail and elderly in particular were looked after. Back then Parishes in Britain had a responsibility to their poor, In 1598 Elizabeth I, passed an Act for the Relief of the Poor, this is known as The Elizabethan Poor Law. It offered the poor some protection, and less sturdy beggars were sent back to their parish of origin for help, every parish appointed overseers of the poor who were responsible for setting up parish houses for those unable of supporting themselves and finding work for the unemployed. Around the time the industrial revolution came, the rapid population growth and development of the towns, and the first experience o f modern unemployment, along with this came increasing poor rates, In 1833 Earl Gray Prime Minister, set up a Poor Law Commission to scrutinise the working of the poor Law system that had been put in place in Britain. In his report published in 1834, the Commission made several recommendations to Parliament. As a result, the Poor Law Amendment Act was passed. (The poor Act of 1598 continued till 1948) This Essay will discuss the theories in social policy, which underpin welfare provision and to what extent have these theories influenced the delivery of welfare services and met the demands of a changed and changing society this essay will also examine the welfare provision of Community care and Health. The Poor Laws were very much disliked, a great deal of the development of social services in the 20th century including means tests, health care and national insurance were designed to avoid having to rely on them and in many industrialised societies social exclusion and poverty are alleviated to some degree by the introduction of a welfare state. The majority of industrialised and industrialising countries in the world today are welfare states, this means that the state plays a central role in the provision of welfare; it does this through a system that offers benefits and services to ensure that peoples basic needs such as Income, Housing, Education and Healthcare are meet. The welfare state has a daunting task of managing the risk faced by people, over the duration of their lives such as: Job loss, old age, sickness and disabilities, the level of welfare services and spending vary from country to country, a number of countries have a highly developed welfare systems and allocate a large proportion of their national budget to them, over the years there are many theories and Political views on welfare and are often divided into right and left wing views over the welfare state and some have shaped the policies that we have in place today. The right wing: is against public provision of welfare and are for residual welfare They are seen as individualist on the other hand the left wing: is for public provision of welfare and residual welfare and are seen as collectivist, however this is not so straight forwards as it first seems this might also be dependent on The positions that might be held by people. There is an individualistic left wing, and a collectivist right wing. Many right-wingers accept the principle of institutional welfare, and many left wingers are uncomfortable about institutional measures, like student grants or earnings-related pensions, which favour richer people over poorer ones, Left-wingers however support social security (which enable people to buy food in the private market) rather than soup kitchens (which are more of fern than not publicly provided). The main political perspective of welfare positions are: The Marxist, The Conservatism and The Liberal individualism. The Marxist: Marxist core beliefs are that welfare concentrates principally on its relationship to the exercise of power. Marxist argues that welfare has been developed through the strength of working-class resistance to exploitation they further argue that the state can be seen as an instrument of a complex set of systems which reflects the contradictions of the society or as a ruling capitalist class or at least a pert of it. The Conservatism: Conservatives core beliefs lie in the importance of the social order. This is reflected in a respect for tradition, an emphasis on the importance of religion, and a stress on the importance of inequality such as inequalities of caste or class Conservatives believe that Welfare is a secondary issue and the basis for structured social relationships., The Liberal individualism: Liberalism believes that the premise that everyone is an individual, and that individuals have rights. They mistrust the state and they also believe that society is likely to regulate itself if state interference is removed. The liberalism central core belief is freedom. All freedoms are not equally important; their main values and concerns are with certain particularly important freedoms, such as freedom, of worship, of speech, and. of assembly. The welfare state stretched further under the pre First World War, from the outset the Liberal governments principle emerged that the state should eliminate the worst causes of poverty and introduced a number of policies these included: Health, Housing, Education, Pensions and unemployment insurance and minimum wage boards and other measures on a strictly limited scale, these minimum standards had been introduced to give a basic level of assistance which was assumed no one would be allowed to fall below, the principle of a national minimum standard of life looks very different today form how the legislations and public policy was originally formulated, it was an attempt to prevent destitution and to deal with poverty. In 1911 the first National Health Insurance Act was passed, Lloyd George, Liberal Chancellor of the Exchequer assured employers it would ease the unsettled workforce and in turn would raise productivity by reducing sickness absence. World war one put a temporarily halte d workers growing militancy. With the womens work force increased the factory workers produced an even greater mood for change and with the horrific suffering soldiers coming home from war blind and with out limbs other suffering from mustard gas poising, In 1917 Lloyd George, by now prime minister, warned: that the Russian revolution has already inspired workers across Europe. Lloyd George Argued The working class will be expecting a really new world. They will never go back to where they were before the war. He promised a land fit for heroes, he was hoping to convince workers that life would improve without them following their Russian cousins. In todays society we have been increasingly aware of the many diverse needs of people needing help from a partly or non finical kind these would include: the blind, the deaf, long term sick and the handicapped, single parent families, unmarried mother, and newly arrived emigrants est. Although the principle of a national minimum standard of life is still in place it has immensely improved in comparison over the last 90 years. The British political history of social policies since 1940s have been many and varied, before the 1945 elections some new social policies had already been put in place there were three critical developments that took place during the second world war, the early drive towards the establishment of a national health service, the Beveridge Report and the Butler education act of 1944. The Beveridge Report one of many efforts to plan for the forthcoming peace, it was widely acknowledged within Coalition Government that after the war Brittan would need to rationalise and improve its income maintenance policy; the report itself was a combination of detailed proposals for a comprehensive social insurance system and significant needs for future social policy. Beveridge described the road to social reconstruction after the war as involving Slaying the five giants of Want, Disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness. The report had set down, had three conditions that were necessary to the development of a satisfactory system of income maintenance. The introduction of setting up a comprehensive health and rehabilitation service, a system of family allowance and the maintenance of full time employment, at the time these accompanying conditions made more political impact than the social insurance proposals. The Beveridge Report (1942) The Beveridge Report launched the introduction of the Welfare State. The core reforms included: The Education Act 1944 provided free secondary education for all children. The Family Allowances Act 1945 provided universal benefits for families with two or more children. The National Health Service Act 1946 provided free and universal health care. The National Insurance Act 1946 provided unemployment and sickness benefits. The Children Act 1946 gave local authorities to set up social work for children. Beveridge social insurance proposal involved flat rate benefit payments to the unemployed, widows, pensioners and the sick. This was a fixed amount for individuals with additions made for dependants with no graduation In relation to past earnings however this was to be funded by flat rate contributions from the insured, their employers and the state. Health On the 5 July 1948, The National Health Service started (The National Health Service Act 1946) The NHS was based on principles unlike anything that had gone before in health care.  It was a historic achievement; however at that time majority of doctors were opposed to the idea, they believed that they would lose money as a result of it. Their belief was that their professional freedom would be jeopardised i.e. Doctors believed they would treat fewer private patients and the outcome meant they would lose out financially. Added to this was a strong belief that the NHS would not allow patients to pick their doctor however this was not to be the case and 95% of all of the medical profession joined the NHS. Others countries at that time still tended to rely on insurance based schemes Before the introduction of the National Health Service (NHS), family doctors (General Practice) charged for their service. The majority of families that were Low-paid asked for a GP as a last choice, often they had to borrowing money from their families, neighbours or the pawnbroker to pay the bill. However more affluent workers paid into Friendly Societies as insurance. In some parts of Brittan, workers joined together to pay a doctor with a weekly stoppage out of their wages. The trade unions also organised clubs like this were the worker could see a GP when they were sick the trades unions realised that keeping a healthy work force was more hands on tools. Some cottage hospitals were built with workers contributions, particularly in mining areas like South Wales. However the NHS was to be financed almost 100% from central taxation.  Bevan regarded this as a crucial part of the scheme that the rich should pay more than the poor for comparable benefits and People could be referred to any hospital, local or more distant also everyone was eligible for care, even people visiting the country or temporarily resident. Care was entirely free at the point of use. This proved to be a costly mistake as the government underestimated the demand on the NHS with most people it proved to be extremely popular as it quickly found that its resources were being used up from NHS earliest days it seemed to be short of money the annual sums that had been set aside for glasses and for treatment such as dental surgery were quickly used up. The  £2 million put aside to pay for free spectacles over the first nine months of the NHS went in six weeks estimates of the cost of the NHS were soon exceeded and within three years some although prescription changes and denta l charges were subsequently introduced a charges of one shilling (5p) and a flat rate of  £1 for dental treatment. This was a small amount if you compare the price of a prescription in the United Kingdom today is  £7.20 per item. The cost of NHS dental care most courses of treatment cost  £16.50 or  £45.60. The maximum charge for a complex course of treatment is  £198. The government had estimated that the NHS would cost  £140 million a year by 1950. In fact, by 1950 the NHS was costing  £358 million. Over the years the NHS went through many rough periods over finances and in the 1970s things managed to go from bad to worse, Brittan was in the gip that can only described industrial unrest It was the decade of strikes, piles of rotting rubbish on the street and electricity shortages for thousands of people the 70s was a time when people were just trying to make ends meet in difficult economic conditions, when industrial action hit the NHS and Financial problems also hit the service in 1978 and 1979 as oil shortages in the winter of discontent took hold. This was not help when the consultants went up in arms over the proposals to reduce the amount of private work they undertook. The 1970s started the ongoing debate on the best way for the NHS to evolve. With this in mind GPs introduced the first charter to encouraging the growth of primary care in the UK match local health authority boundaries with the new boundaries created in local government. A new system of distributing the resources of the health service more evenly was also implemented in 1974, a few months later a Royal Commission was appointed to look into the problem. The NHS was slowly changing its mind set looking at people as customers and not as patients and turning towards private investors to help fund and shape the NHS; however before the introduction the first wave of 57 NHS Trusts came into being in 1991and By 1995 all health care was provided by trusts. The majority of family doctors were given budgets to buy health care from NHS trusts and they could also buy health care from the private sector this scheme was called GP fund holding. Patients of GP fund holders were often able to obtain treatment more quickly than patients of non-fund holders. Becoming a NHS trusts this was the new future was to be a provider in the internal market, health organisations, independent organisations with their own management, competing with each other. . Community care Community care as we know it today came in the 1950s and 1960s; this was the result of political realism and progress in the understanding of mental health and the treatments now available this also includes social changes civil rights campaigns and a rise in the patients rights movement, moving away from the isolation of the mentally ill in old Victorian asylums towards their re-integration into the community. The 1959 Mental Health Act encouraged the development of community care and abolished the distinction between psychiatric and other hospitals. This was seen as the biggest political change in mental healthcare in the history of the NHS, During the 1960s the populist continued to move against the big hospital institutions Psychiatrists questioned traditional treatments for mental illness, with the introduction of new psychotropic drugs also meant patients could be more easily treated outside of an institution. Enoch, the former health minister was dubbed by some as the Father of Community Care; he argued that mental hospitals were effectively prisons, preventing the patients return to normal life. Powell also belief that community care would be cheaper than hospital care the new district general hospitals contributed to the reduction in the number of beds in mental hospitals from 150,000 in the mid-1950s to 80,000 by 1975. The Mental Health Act 1983 set out the rights of people admitted to mental hospitals, the introduction of legislation would give the mentally ill more rights allowing them to appeal against committal. In 1984 Sir Roy Griffiths led a government inquiry into community care, after the murder of social worker Isabel Schwarz she had been killed by her former client. In 1998 Sir Roy Griffiths report outlined the Community Care: Agenda for Action was the forerunner to the Community Care Act of 1990, major legislation which sets out the basis for community care as we know it today. The government invested an extra  £510m in mental health services in England, Frank Dobson the then Health Secretary said the extra  £510m for NHS mental health services over the following 3 years would add to the  £180m announced for social services care of the mentally ill. This would include a revision of the controversial care in the community policy. He also told the House of Commons that mental illness was not an obscure, minority concern, but affected one in six people at any one time. The  £700m will be broken down with at least  £500 million being ear-marked within for targeted change in the way services are delivered, around  £120 million will be spent on new and effective drug therapies and  £70m will go towards training mental health nurses and psychiatrists, and other care and clinical staff. The governments drive to Modernising Mental Health Services strategy document included a new national service framework it laid out guild lines on how they can best treat people and it clearly spelt out the range of services needed for the mentally ill. The new strategy included: More mental health beds, more supported housing and hostels, More training for health workers, Improved services for adolescents and young people Access for the mentally ill to the NHS Direct helpline Access to new mental health drugs More day centres for the mentally ill and more outreach teams and a 24-hour crisis teams. In the last five years mental health services in England is going through an unprecedented change. A Government programme has been launched to improve on the quality of mental health care, and improve the mental well-being of people in England; the policy has implementation guides and good practice examples. New Horizons: a shared vision for mental health is a comprehensive initiative that will be delivered by ten national Government departments. New Horizons forms an alliance of, local communities and individuals and the voluntary sector and professionals, to work towards a society that values mental well-being as much as physical health and it outlines the benefits of unlocking the benefits of well-being in terms of physical health, educational attainment, employment and reduced crime and in turn reducing the burden of mental illness. Conclusion

Iagos Role in Othello :: essays research papers

How powerful and credible is Iago?s role in Othello? Use literary criticism to inform your opinion. Possibly being one of the most despicable characters that Shakespeare has ever drawn up, Iago is fascinating for his most terrible characteristic: his utter lack of convincing motivation for his actions and therefore this questions his credibility within the play. Douthat, Ross, Stewart and Adam (August 2001, former Harvard University students and writers of the ?SparkNote on Othello?) claim that ?In the first scene, he [Iago] claims to be angry at Othello for having passed him over for the position of lieutenant (I.e. 7?32). At the end of Act I, scene iii, Iago says he thinks Othello may have slept with his wife, Emilia: ?It is thought abroad that ?twixt my sheets / He has done my office? (I.iii.369?370)?. This suggests two of the main reasons why Iago might hate Othello but it does not explain his deep hatred and loathing of him. It seems that Iago does not reveal his true reasons behind the hatred of Othello or that he does not have one. This, then, interferes with Iago?s characte ristics of being a clever, cunning and specific in what he wants and does. Another flaw in the play that can be used to question Iago's credibility is his actual ability to persuade and manipulate Othello. ?Iago, the protagonist is yes evil but yet fascinating. His methods of deception when planting the, ?seeds of poison,? into Othello?s mind are astounding, how he can make an experienced man of the world (although granted he is not experienced in the ways of women, a factor Iago plays upon) believe a shallow and very unstable lie is amazing (Charlie Clough, Dec 2002). This could advocate two things: Iago must have an amazing ability to manipulate and persuade other people (though this astonishing ability is put to use without a main purpose) or Othello, despite our early impressions of him, is gullible and irresponsible with his opinion so we begin to question whether Othello is worthy of his title and position.

Political Correctness Has Gone Too Far Essay -- History Censorship Arg

Political Correctness has Gone Too Far The â€Å"Politically Correct† movement’s purpose is to bring historically condescending terms, offensive music and art, and controversial educational content to an end and replace them with more positive and less-offending references. Offensive and demoralizing efforts are wrong, but the censorship and deletion of words and phrases that do not contain the intention to demoralize are taking political correctness too far. Politically correct (or â€Å"PC†) antics have created a social decline that is growing worse with each generation, specifically regarding areas of art, education, language, and our right to freedom of speech; the degradation they have brought to the American psyche has even led to name-changing. The PC mindset has also discouraged artistic expression. Imagine being to be so sensitive about offending people that we let the art we create be determined by the offended. New art would be restricted and old art would be censored. The creative ability would be limited to what is considered acceptable by everyone. We would be like the fool who tries to please everyone. How would music and art exist if the free reign of creativity ended? If art and music continue to face influential restrictions on content, then the quality of art will fall into artistic mediocrity. PC policies have also compromised the accuracy of educational content in textbooks. Material close to being offensive is removed or adjusted to satisfy the super-sensitive or to avoid any unforeseen complaints. For example, American Indians can't be depicted with long braids, in rural settings, or on reservations, even though many American Indians do have long braids and live in rural settings or on reservations. If the depictions of our historical figures are incorrect, then the new PC textbooks should ensure their historical accuracy and footnote each change appropriately. In addition, if the information is correct but is being altered to satisfy sensitive groups, it should be changed back, regardless of the offending potential. How far could this evolve? Will we continue to erase provocative and controversial details of our history? It â€Å"dumbs down† our textbooks, leaving them bland and far less interesting. This effort to cleanse our history is wrong and it is killing our education efforts/system today. We are becoming more aware of the sen... ...n the January 1993 Library Journal, makes a similar suggestion: "Ultimately, however, we hope we use language that is more sensitive without enforcing strident political correctness or orthodoxy." We, as a society, are so concerned about avoiding confrontations that we are going overboard changing non-offensive names. The attempt to avoid possible protests of sensitive pressure groups by sanitizing our language is, in my opinion, censorship. Changing a man’s career name from trashman to custodial engineer is an example that is justifiable and is why political correctness was brought about. It is the oversensitive effort to numb out historical content, which is neither offensive nor demeaning, which leads me to believe that political correctness has gone too far and needs to be stopped. Bibliography Fialkoff, Francine. "The Word Police." Library Journal 118 (1993):25. S.I. Hayakawa and Alan R Hayakawa, Words with Built-in Judgments. Language Awareness, Readings for College Writers. Ed. Paul Escholz, Alfred Rosa, Virginia Clark. Bedfort/St. Martin’s: Boston, New York, 2004. 229-234 Wikipedia the Free Online Encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowman 2004

The Ruling Elite and the Development of the Middle East :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many dynasties and kingdoms have ruled the area of what we now call the Middle East. In almost all of the societies, it is the wealthier, educated, and a particular race or ethnicity that ruled. These positions were usually acquired through power, either by a civil war or an overthrow of the previous government. From the late eleventh century to the reign of Mohammed Ali in the early to mid nineteenth century, whoever were the ruling elite was able to shape the direction and development of country or territory in three different ways; socially, economically and politically. By controlling the policies of the government the ruling elite was able to control the economics of the country and socially constructing it as well in the process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The policies in the regions vary from area to area due to the ruling power. Some harsh to their society and imply policies that favor a certain group of people. During the Mamluk period, the soldiers were required to train on horseback with the use lance, bow and sword. Although when the Circassian period (1382-1517), the type of training the soldiers were required to practice shifted to the hippodrome. Until Barquq, the founder of the Circassian line, abolished the use of the hippodrome. By shaping the ways your military trains, the leader is responsible for preparation of his troops leaving them vulnerable to invasions or ready to conquer new lands. The Mamluks were reluctant to enter the new age of technology and industrialization and still insisted on the usage of the hippodromes, which had long been absent from the new â€Å"industrialized’ countries. In August of 1514, 12,000 Ottoman soldiers were carrying the gun. The Safawid army that carried sword s and trained in the hippodromes was annihilated. If the government would have allowed the usage of the gun, the soldiers would have stood a chance. The Ottoman empire, through this new technology was able to become the largest empire in history. (Cultural Reader, 52-63)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The policies in which a ruling government imposes determines the economic development and direction of a country. As new rulers come into a country a transformation of culture and economics. With the Ottomans ruling many areas of the Middle East were becoming more dependant on Europe. With Europe being the center of business of the time, trade between the two regions was at an all time high. Europeans were eager to get the spices, cloth and other items from the ‘orient’.

Youths Today Are Too Obsessed

Totally agree! Youth today are too easily obsess with all kind of thing, not only material thing but also idol, games, something that may attracted their attention. E. g. â€Å"American idol† A new generation has come of age, shaped by an unprecedented revolution in technology and dramatic events both at home and abroad. They are Generation Next, the cohort of young adults who have grown up with personal computers, cell phones and the Internet and are now taking their place in a world where the only constant is rapid change. Did you think anything about your dream, your health or your family; forget about computers, it’s just material things. WHAT IS OBSESSION? It’s a passionate feeling of fascination that often quickly evolves into domination. One who becomes obsessed does so out of a lack of self worth or self esteem. The person they are obsessed with is their object of self worth. They believe that this person, as their mate, will bring value to their life. Th is person also believes they have very little value, which adds to the need to have a mate with value. Even if it’s imagined. Materialism Many people these days seem to have their priorities out of line. They seem to put way too much emphasis on material things such as money, jewellery, toys, games, and other things that they think will bring happiness. They feel that these things will make them happier in life and will make them live better lives. There sure are a lot of problems with that theory. So why is it that so many people are stuck in the train of thought of materialism and in an obsession with material things? Here are some ideas. Many people are lonely and feel that this will keep them entertained and happy and make them feel better and fill the hole that they feel. They don't understand the importance of people in their lives so they try to fill the emptiness with materials thinking that it will make them happy and fill that gap. Another reason is that they just want to show off to people how much they have and own. They think that this will make them a better person because they own these things and that the more they have the better off they are. They believe that it's a race to see who can have the most things, because whoever has the most, is somehow the best. Something is clearly wrong there. Also, many people are insecure, and are obsessed with what other people think of them. They don't comprehend that they are who they want to be and who they become. They instead, rather believe that they are who other people claim that they are and therefore try to get as many cool things as possible, or beautiful things, to make other people wow at what they have. They feel like if other people think that what they have is awesome, then that must mean that they are an awesome person. It is tough for many people to get out of that train of thought. Finally, a lot of people do it without thinking. They are just caught in the wave of people who are materialistic. If they see something cool, they feel that they have to get it and don't completely think through whether or not they need it. Of course, this isn't the situation for all people. Some people just like the look of jewellery or like certain things or collecting items as a hobby. However, for a lot of people they are becoming lost in materialism and need to find the real things that make them happy and not the fake things. They need to locate the big ideas of life and find what truly makes them happiest. If you liked this article, a great book to read would be: The Gospel According to Larry. It is a book on materialism and a boy who tries to fight for a non-materialistic world movement. Trend toward something In this and other countries we tend to have an obsession with â€Å"youth† – especially for females. We have grown into a truly youth obsessed society, and the cosmetic, food, beverage, and supplement offerings are proof of the incredible market there is for anti-aging beauty products. There's a glut of marketing that targets the beauty consumers, where the same products in many of these campaigns can do so much more for our health. Case in point: years ago there was an herbal product that claimed to treat and prevent gray hair. The product was originally formulated to lower cholesterol. During their research, they found that the product not only lowered cholesterol, but a considerable amount of test subjects lost their gray hair. What angle could they take? Health, vanity, health, vanity, health, vanity†¦ not surprisingly, they focused their marketing campaign on the gray hair aspect, not on the cholesterol treatment. I don’t disagree with their logic. Now that I have a few gray hairs, I want to track down this product. I can’t remember what I ate for dinner last week, yet I can remember a beauty product from well over a decade ago. How’s that for case in point? ***As an example, why if I send a bunch of teenage or youth to a village or a country without taking any entertainment gadget such as computer and even cell phones, they certainly will get bored. I love fashion but I’m not obsess with it Things are like this because people are corrupted by society. For many years, we are geared towards wanting the best things, the hottest spouses, and the shiniest sports cars–all so that we can have the bragging rights. By being able to boast about your wealth gives you power. Ultimately, power is what we all want–being able to tell people what to do so that we get what we want, when we want it, and the way we want it. Material objects that cost a mother lode makes us feel good when have it in our possession–a Louis Vuitton bag or a Lamburgini are so damn expensive that when we do have one to flaunt, we feel like we are at the top of the social hierarchy because vitrually no one else can have what you have. YOU can afford the expensive stuff, not â€Å"other people. In short, it's all about greed, pride, lust, and corruption. Clearly, the world is messed up. Reasons Why youth today tend to obsess with material things. â€Å"How long can you go with out using an electrical device? How long would you go without power? Does your bank account reflex your narcissistic materialism or need for survival. The answers to those questions would be a good gauge of whether â€Å"we† are ob sessed. † Good points nicshack. Our culture seems to be obsessed with the acquiring stuff and things. We have a very consumptive economy and ecology and we need to make some fundamental changes on a wide spread social and philosophical level or we might be in trouble as a species. Here's what it boils down to: because we live on this slightly tilted planet Earth, revolving a certain distance from the star Sol, life as we know it can exist and flourish and grow and change and fill this great big Universe with life and light and hope. We owe it to ourselves as a species, our children, and our ancestors; to nurture and live in harmony with our planet and fellow life. So you have to ask yourself, do you help life continue and grow? Or do you tear things apart and consume for the sake of consumption to try to fill a hole that should be filled with love and empathy? I know it sounds really heavy and pedantic, but we seriously need to wake up and evolve, break the cycles of destruction in all forms, and start building and learning. It all comes from self satisfaction. People live their lives feeling very unsatisfied, there are always desires. These desires are a very unskilful attempt at becoming happy. When people become obsessed with material things, it is out of fear – if they already possess the matter, they don't want to lose it because they feel without it, they will be unhappy. Other people desire and cling to money and what not because they feel that if they have it, they will be happy. But in both cases these people are driven by fear. Fear is heads on the coin, Desire is tails. Both complement each other. When people compare, they do this because they're attempting to please the self-identity that they carry of themselves, the idea they have of themselves, of who I am. If the I is better off than others, they feel happy. And if it isn't, they feel that they have to gain more material goods. The reason, primarily, is because we live in a capitalist society and is ‘taught', from the moment we first enter society that the gaining of material wealth is our reason for being. The acquisition of status in our society comes from the striving for and gaining of wealth and the trappings associated with it. Once acquired, the structure or system we live within tells us that we require more to maintain our status and that, actually, we can never have enough. Karl Marx wrote about it in the Nineteenth Century. How many times a day are you bombarded with advertisements, telling you that you ‘need' this, that or the other product? That if you don't have it, you're somehow missing out? While this may sound very obvious and simplistic, it's the stuff we're surrounded by all the time – constant messages informing us that our lives are in some way lacking or incomplete until/unless we have that house, this car, that phone, this brand, etc. We're so used to it that we don't question it. Zombie-like, we believe we ‘need' these things – and that's what keeps everybody on the same treadmill and all the multi-million dollar companies in business. Ways to solve your â€Å"bad habits†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"It's like I have to buy things to validate myself. † It sounds to me like you get envious of other people's possessions because you feel inferior or inadequate, and something in you believes that if you just had what they have, you wouldn't feel inferior to them anymore. As far as how you can stop obsessing over material possessions, I think the root cause of your coveting other people's things comes from your own feelings of inferiority and low self-esteem. I think that by building up your own self-esteem, you will be able to love yourself more as a person, completely independent of material possessions. Then when you see other people with nice things, you won't feel like you need those nice things to be â€Å"as good as† that person, because you will know that you are a good person regardless of what you have. One of the best ways that a person can build self-esteem is by volunteering. Helping others actually helps you in ways that you would never anticipate until you do it. Try to find an organization that is close to your heart, and ask if they allow teenage volunteers to help out on weekends. Do you love animals? Volunteer at a pet rescue. Do you enjoy spending time with kids? Volunteer at a children's hospital or in a church nursery. Do you feel for the homeless? Volunteer at your local soup kitchen or homeless shelter. There are also national organizations like the Ronald McDonald House, United Way, The Salvation Army, etc. ho helps people in the community and are always looking for volunteers to keep them up and running. By doing something that helps others, you will help build up your own self-esteem. You begin to see yourself as someone who is important to others, who is able to do something that is valuable and helpful to society. I can tell you from experience that even doing something as mundane as cleaning out kennels makes you feel important when you t hink about the reason WHY you're cleaning those kennels – you're helping that rescue save the lives of more animals that would otherwise be put to death. You are saving lives by doing something as simple as cleaning a kennel or taking a dog on a walk, and that makes you a seriously awesome person. When you see yourself in that light – as someone who is important to others, who is helpful to their community, who can give to others in a positive way – you will really begin to internalize those feelings and feel good about yourself as a person. Also, being able to see others who have a lot less than you will really put those materialistic feelings into perspective. When you go out to a rural community and hand out shoes and coats to kids who are walking around barefoot because their family literally cannot afford to put shoes on their feet, it really makes you think twice about what's important in life. It can be a real good eye opener. I hope that helps! I don't think you're a brat, the fact that you said you don't want to be a brat and don't want to be shallow shows just how much you are not those things. Give yourself more credit, you already sound like a good person who is on the right track in life by trying to do the right thing. Other information that can be used It can seem, in the affluent parts of our globe, that to buy is our fortune. It could also be said that, if buying is good, more buying is better. Of course, we’re in the middle of an economic crisis and some folks might think we need moderation in interaction with the human-created marketplace—that we not treat it as some magically powerful entity that must be worshiped with human sacrifice. Are we completely obsessed with material possessions? Do they mean anything?. Here’s a representative sample of the comments: â€Å"An iPhone to match your sneakers? Sneakers to match your vest? † â€Å"I love clothes and dinners out with friends, and new shiny things but understand the completely vapid nature of these things. † â€Å"They only mean something if you let it mean something. If it makes you happy then buy it. † â€Å"Honestly, if you have the CASH to buy this stuff up front, go right ahead. † â€Å"Few people lie on their death bed and talk about that car they should have bought or that purse that they were so close to buying† â€Å"As someone below pointed out it does have a huge impact on making the world as we know it go round† â€Å"†¦yes we are obsessed, and its not a good thing. And yes, these things are important but shouldn’t be occupying our thoughts and efforts to the extent at which it is. † † Its all one big contest and a race to the finish line. Its a shame most people don’t stop and look around them more often. † I was happy to see, at least, a range of responses in the normally affluent participants on the site. I was very sad about a few of them: â€Å"If it makes you happy then buy it. †, â€Å"Honestly, if you have the CASH to buy this stuff up front, go right ahead. † Here’s where the idea of materialism brings up the idea of human sacrifice. Who suffers for the extraction of the raw materials needed to make all the fanciful things people buy? Who receives no help in their daily lives because they happen to live where the marketeers won’t put their markets? Who sweats away their days making the toys of the affluent? Who can any longer ignore that We are One Human Family and what hurts one hurts all ? Spiritual Quote: â€Å"Whether as world-view or simple appetite, materialism’s effect is to leach out of human motivation—and even interest—the spiritual impulses that distinguish the rational soul. For self-love,’ ‘Abdu’l-Baha has said, ‘is kneaded into the very clay of man, and it is not possible that, without any hope of a substantial reward, he should neglect his own present material good. ’ In the absence of conviction about the spiritual nature of reality and the fulfilment it alone offers, it is not surprising to find at the very heart of the current crisis of civilization a cult of individualism that increasingly admits of no restraint and that elevates acquisition and personal advancement to the status of major cultural values. The resulting atomization of society has marked a new stage in the process of disintegration about which the writings of Shoghi Effendi speak so urgently. â€Å"To accept willingly the rupture of one after another strand of the moral fabric that guides and disciplines individual life in any social system, is a self-defeating approach to reality. If leaders of thought were to be candid in their assessment of the evidence readily available, it is here that one would find the root cause of such apparently unrelated problems as the pollution of the environment, economic dislocation, ethnic violence, spreading public apathy, the massive increase in crime, and epidemics that ravage whole populations. However important the application of legal, sociological or technological expertise to such issues undoubtedly is, it would be unrealistic to imagine that efforts of this kind will produce any significant recovery without a fundamental change of moral consciousness and behaviour. †

Animal Farm Lies=Failure

To have a functional society there must be a trust between the people and the government. A functional society is defined by how they treat their people, if they lie their people will not respect them. Due to the fact that the government in 1984 and Animal Farm lie to their citizens, their societies are a failure. In 1984 the government says that its citizens are free to do what they want but that is a lie. This is because the people actually live in constant fear of telling the facts due to the fatal consequences that would follow.O’Brien says, â€Å"Freedom is the freedom to say two plus two makes four, if that is granted all else follows†(69; Bk1, ch. 7). The citizens in 1984 are in constant fear of saying the wrong thing and getting shot which is not the definition of a free though society. A free thought is where people can think what they want without the fear of getting in trouble. As it shows in 1984 when someone has a thought they have to keep it in or they wil l be imprisoned. This is the definition of a non-successful society.If the government can lie to its people nothing will ever change and nothing will have the chance to get any better. If someone is naive of the fact that there was a better time in history before the dictatorship they see the present as better then before. Due to the falsifying of documents of history in 1984 it seems as though the party is the best to all of the people and that they are getting better, when in all actuality that is not the case. Winston says,† If the party could thrust its hand into the past and say this or that event, it never happened-that, surely was more terrifying then death†(34; Bk1, ch. 3).If the government is saying that something did or did not happen they are altering history, which is lying to its people. Winston states,† Nothing exists except an endless present in which the party is always right†(155; Bk. 2, ch. 5). Due to the lies about the past the people think that their society is good because they don’t know the actual situation before Big Brother. Thus creating a false reality of what happened in the past. This shows that they have lied to their citizens and thus there society was a failure. In Animal Farm it was portrayed that all animals were created equal, when is actuality that is not true.Towards the beginning of the book before the takeover all the animals were equal in theory. As soon as the takeover took place, Napoleon and the rest of the pigs established themselves as the leaders thus making them higher up in the society. Benjamin reads what was on the wall,† All animals are created equal, but some animals are more equal than others†(143; ch. 10). This is different from the original idea in that every animal was equal no matter what because of the fact that they didn’t like the humans and didn’t want to be like them.This is where they lied in regards to the changing of the slogan and gave the ir society the mark of death. Just like the other instances the lack of capability of the government not to lie to its people is very slim. This fact leads to the failure of the society as a whole. In 1984 and Animal Farm the government lied to their people which eventually led to their societies failure. If an individual does not have the ability to say something that is factual without the fear of being shot that is a functional society.It is not when the person is told what to think, how to think it, and when to think it. Also if the government lies to its people about its past then there is no way for anyone to try to make a better future. This leads to the failure of the society as a whole. Finally when the government from Animal Farm lied about the equality of its people they doomed there societies identity forever. Everyone wants to be equal and if you take that away then what are u left with. Fact is if the government lies to their people such as in Animal Farm and 1984 thei r society is doomed to failure.

A&P Character Analysis

In the short story, â€Å"A & P,† John Updike’s character, Sammy, is a clerk at the A&P supermarket. His thoughts, language, and attitude throughout the story indicate he is a narrow-minded, cynical, typical teenager with a strong curiosity in the opposite sex and an extreme sense of detail. The A&P store is located right in the middle of a smaller type town, where everyone knew one another. He interprets one customer as being old, dull and unable to relate to young people only because the customer was elderly, is an example of being cynical. Sammy’s intensive opinions and interpretations proved his lack of knowledge outside the small town. For example, he is disrespectful in his thoughts towards the â€Å"A & P† customers, seeing them as â€Å"sheep† and â€Å"houseslaves. † This is the part that it becomes obvious that he does not care about the customers and is unhappy at his job. Sammy’s aspiration for Queenie, which begins simply as a young man’s attention in a pretty girl, ends up being why Sammy stood up to his boss and quit â€Å"A & P†. Sammy’s unhappiness with his job is shown throughout the whole story with his negative comments about the different people walking through the store. Sammy spoke of his manager having a very fine sense of observation, noting the manager didn’t like the way Sammy smiled. As the girls were leaving the store, Sammy had a vision of how happy he would be to be able to leave the store with them. Thinking quickly, Sammy decided to tell his boss he quit, saying in a loud like voice, hoping to be loud enough for the girls to hear him. After Sammy had said the words I quit there was no way to take back what he had said, it was a done deal, and he couldn’t back out from quitting now. Sammy quickly folded his apron laying it on the counter. Walking out to the parking lot, only to find the girls were gone. His effort of trying to be a hero to the girls by standing up to his boss was not a success. There here stood, in the parking lot, looking in the store window, wondering to himself if he had just made the right choice.

Freedom to Comment Reflection Essay

People are pressured to conform with the decisions within the group because if we do not we create tension, which is socially unacceptable. It happens all the time, and most of the time keeps quiet so we do not make waves. It’s all about social acceptance and associations that we have an innate need for relationships and we fear the loss of those connections when we oppose the group – which could be on micro level (as small as complying with household/workplace rules). When I worked for this Greek restaurant us the waitress’s had issues of ethical dilemmas all the time with our boss. He had no respect for women and showed this all the time by offering all of us, at different times, if we would do sexual favors for him for exchange of new apartments, and offering to buy new cars, and cash every week besides our paychecks. As a group we got together to discuss what we should do if anything, and in this case we all needed our jobs to support our families. We could not just up and quit our jobs. Most of the group decided not to do anything, or say anything to anyone. Myself and one other decided to tell him no, and report him to the owner, and the next day we were fired from our jobs, and mailed our checks. For me to go against the group I lost my job, but my moral and ethic values would not let me remain at the job with that kind of treatment going on.

A Study Of Change Management At Mcdonalds Commerce Essay

A Study Of Change Management At Mcdonalds Commerce Essay McDonald’s  is one of the biggest food organisation in the world, and  has  established it’s own operating restaurants and it’s franchises   which is  about  28,700  selling points  in 110 countries.  Another most important aspect is  Food business is  much interested  among  young adults,  children  and  adolescents.  Therefore,  The Company  provides an enjoyable environment to their customers which is very secure and safe  where  all of their customers spend to  joyfully and they can get less expensive  food in a clean installation  as well as the food company offers a unique interior  designs and its own inner clown  (Debre, 2005).  Furthermore,  McDonald’s  put tremendous  efforts to  maintain  healthy  relationships with its  suppliers and  franchisees.  The organisation continuously enhancing their services, supporting timely management and it’s capital operations to the ir partners. Therefore, this makes  its  suppliers and  the franchisees  loyalty  I think, this kind of strategies will make their partners involve more effectively in work to achieve the organisation goals  (Aswathappa, 2006).  However, the food corporation  continuously  works with innovative  ideas  towards the needs and  to grow during the operation without problems (Russell and  Gubman,  2006).  In this research paper, I  am determined to find out  key strengths and challenges of  managing change  at Mc Donald’s and will present a comprehensive documentation by discussing an important areas with examples about How this food company managed  to survive  competitively  in the  global  business environment. The most surprising news is that from over 110 countries everyday approximately about 53 million customers eat at McDonald’s. Although McDonald’s  has huge private  franchisees to its chain of  restauran ts. However I think, the core management  functions  play a vital role to determine the success of the any organisation.  Therefore, i would like to take an opportunity to  discuss how  the core functions influencing the organisational management with the impact of  globalization  such as  controlling, directing, organising and  planning. McDonald is constantly leading as a present and future leader in the global food business environment.  At the same time, it is very important that the company must have to focus on international and local investment and trade as this food corporation working more than in 100 countries. Moreover,  the company should keep utilizing creative and new technologies to enhance  the business and to promote  new solutions and products to sustain  its  position as a global business leader in food business.  Furthermore, McDonald’s should look at  its  common goal and also, take care of  publicity and  Customers   satisfaction. The demands McDonald, McDonald strongly urge for what he strongly component McDonald should win for that diversity with McDonald’s is thinking about the meet. With a daily reach of every culture daily scope McDonald McDonald’s just about access to almost all cultures, which many operations ambiguous / moral issues is clearly working. To solve more complex than the wider dissemination of a culture growing demand for spreading culture and morality. In this letter, we will examine how / external / internal factors impact the McDonalds impact of globalization, technology, innovation, diversity, one of four work ethics affect management.

Corporation and interpersonal Communication training exercise Essay

Corporation and interpersonal Communication training exercise - Essay Example (McGill, 2009) Interpersonal communication is the exchange of ideas, knowledge, information and opinion between two or more individuals, and it is quite an art to do it correctly. An organization has multiple stakeholders at one point in time which it has to cater to. And the manager of such an organization thus has the huge responsibility of communicating with these various stakeholders. From hiring someone to firing someone, from managing a team to arbitrating during a conflict, from being the change agent to giving someone constructive criticism – it all falls in the job of a manager, and it has to be done well if the manager has to experience the right level of self confidence and success for the organization. Therefore, communication is one of the aspects which should really be focused upon in all organizations. (Volkert, 2009) Training exercises and training programs which last for weeks should be built according to the demographics of the employees, and then given to the employees. I f the communication of the employee gets improved, it will take the organization a long way. Role plays, which is the training exercise selected for this report, is one of the most effective methods of showing a person the right way to do something. This is because when a person is asked to do a role play, he can easily assume that he is playing the role of someone else, and that no one can judge him for who he really is. This human psyche helps in getting role plays successful, and in getting across the message. (Windsor, 2006) The training exercise that will be developed to instill effective interpersonal communication in managers will be that of a role play. Role modeling, as it is also known, is an effective way of showing the situations that occur in daily life. The effectiveness of the role modeling method of training exercise lies in the fact that even though an employee might